List of popes

This article is about the Catholic Church. For popes of the Coptic Orthodox Church, see List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria. For a graphical representation of this list, see List of Popes (graphical).

Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St Peter's (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)

This chronological list of popes corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Supreme Pontiffs of Rome), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio attaches no consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular regarding Pope Leo VIII, Pope Benedict V and some mid-11th-century popes.^[1] The 2001 edition of the Annuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.^[2]
The term pope (Latin: papa "father") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic Pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.^[3]
Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was erased. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain.
A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. The first 31 popes, with the exception of Zephyrinus, died as martyrs (see List of murdered popes).

Chronological list of popes[edit]

1st–5th century[edit]

1st century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
1	33 – 64/67	St Peter PETRUS	Simon Peter	Bethsaida, Galilea, Syria, Roman Empire	Apostle of Jesus from whom he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, according to Matthew 16:18–19. Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Saint Peter) 22 February. He is recognized by the Catholic Church as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by Christ. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.^[4]
2	64/67(?) – 76/79(?)	St Linus LINUS	Linus	Tuscia, Italia	Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.
3	76/79(?) – 92	St Anacletus (Cletus) ANACLETUS	Anacletus	Rome	Martyred; feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus^[5]
4	92 – 99	St Clement I CLEMENS	Clement	Rome	Feast day 23 November. Issued 1 Clement which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November.
5	99 – 107	St Evaristus EVARISTUS	Aristus	Bethlehem, Judea	Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each. Feast day of 26 October.

2nd century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
6	107 – 115	St Alexander I ALEXANDER	Alexander	Rome	Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 16 March.
7	115/116 – 125	St Sixtus I XYSTUS	Xystus	Rome	Feast day of 6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
8	125 – 136/138	St Telesphorus TELESPHORUS	Telesphorus	Terranova da Sibari, Calabria	Feast day of 5 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr.
9	136/138 – 140/142	St Hyginus HYGINUS	Hyginus	Athens, Greece	Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January
10	140/142 – 155	St Pius I PIUS	Pius	Aquileia, Friuli	Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
11	155 – 20 April 168	St Anicetus ANICETUS	Anicitus	Emesa, Syria	Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 17 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair.
12	168 – 174	St Soter SOTERIUS	Soter	Fondi, Latium	Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
13	174 – 24 May 189	St Eleuterus ELEUTHERIUS	Eleuther	Nicopoli, Epirus Greece	Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May
14	189 – 198/199	St Victor I VICTOR	Victor	Roman Africa	Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium. Quartodecimanism controversy.
15	199–20 December 217	St Zephyrinus ZEPHYRINUS	Zephyrinus	Rome	Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus the Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus, the Money Changer and Asclepiodotus. Although not physically martyred, he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured.

3rd century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
16	c. 217 – 222	St Callixtus I CALLISTUS	Callistus	Iberian Peninsula	Martyred; feast day 14 October.
17	222 – 23 May 230	St Urban I URBANUS	Urban	Rome	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 May.
18	21 July 230 – 28 September 235 (7008163749600000000♠5 years, 69 days)	St Pontian PONTIANUS	Pontianus	Rome	First to abdicate after exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue records his death on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.^[6]^[7]
19	21 November 235 – 3 January 236 (7006371520000000000♠43 days)	St Anterus ANTERUS	Anterus	Petilia Policastro - Calabria	Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
20	10 January 236 – 20 January 250 (7008442670400000000♠14 years, 10 days)	St Fabian FABIANUS	Fabianus	Rome	Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
21	6/11 March 251 – June 253 (2 years+)	St Cornelius CORNELIUS	Cornelius	Rome	Died a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.
22	25 June 253 – 5 March 254 (256 days)	St Lucius I LUCIUS	Lucius	Rome	Feast day 5 March.
23	12 May 254 – 2 August 257 (7008101757600000000♠3 years, 82 days)	St Stephen I STEPHANUS	Stephanus	Rome	Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
24	31 August 257 – 6 August 258 (341 days)	St Sixtus II XYSTUS Secundus	Sixtus	Greece	Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
25	22 July 259 – 26 December 268 (7008297583200000000♠9 years, 157 days)	St Dionysius DIONYSIUS	Dionysius	Greece	Feast day 26 December
26	5 January 269 – 30 December 274 (7008234684000000000♠5 years, 890 days)	St Felix I FELIX	Felix	Rome
27	4 January 275 – 7 December 283 (7008281577600000000♠8 years, 337 days)	St Eutychian EUTYCHIANUS	Eutychianus	Tuscany
28	17 December 283 – 22 April 296 (7008389664000000000♠12 years, 127 days)	St Caius CAIUS	Gaius	Salona, Dalmatia	Martyred (according to legend) Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
29	30 June 296 – 1 April 304 (7008244749600000000♠7 years, 276 days)	St Marcellinus MARCELLINUS	Marcellinus	Rome	Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

4th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Place of birth	Notes
30	308–309	St Marcellus I MARCELLUS	Italia	Banished from Rome under Maxentius (309).
31	18 April – 17 August 309 or 310	St Eusebius EUSEBIUS	Sardinia	Banished by the emperor Maxentius, and died in exile.
32	2 July 311 – 10 January 314 (7007797040000000000♠2 years, 192 days)	St Miltiades (Melchiades) MILTIADES	Africa	First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great. Presided over the Lateran council of 313.
33	31 January 314 – 31 December 335 (7008691567200000000♠21 years, 334 days)	St Sylvester I SILVESTER	Sant'Angelo a Scala, Avellino	Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. First Council of Nicaea (325). Under him was built: the Basilica of St. John Lateran, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and Old St. Peter's Basilica. Donation of Constantine.
34	18 January 336 – 7 October 336 (263 days)	St Mark MARCUS	Rome	Feast day 7 October
35	6 February 337 – 12 April 352 (7008479066400000000♠15 years, 66 days)	St Julius I IULIUS	Rome	Arian controversy. Credited with splitting the birth of Christ into two distinct celebrations: The Epiphany stayed on the traditional date, and the Nativity was added on 25 December.
36	17 May 352 – 24 September 366 (7008453038400000000♠14 years, 130 days)	Liberius LIBERIUS	Rome	Earliest pope not canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.^[8]
37	1 October 366 – 11 December 384 (7008574171200000000♠18 years, 71 days)	St Damasus I DAMASUS	Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal	Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Council of Rome (382).
38	11 December 384 – 26 November 399 (7008472046400000000♠14 years, 350 days)	St Siricius Papa SIRICIUS	Rome
39	27 November 399 – 19 December 401 (7007650160000000000♠2 years, 22 days)	St Anastasius I Papa ANASTASIUS	Rome	Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.

5th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
40	22 December 401 – 12 March 417 (7008480276000000000♠15 years, 80 days)	St Innocent I Papa INNOCENTIUS		Albano, Latium	Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric
41	18 March 417 – 26 December 418 (7007560088000000000♠1 years, 283 days)	St Zosimus Papa ZOSIMUS		Mesoraca, Calabria
42	28 December 418 – 4 September 422 (7008116272800000000♠3 years, 250 days)	St Boniface I Papa BONIFATIUS		Rome
43	10 September 422 – 27 July 432 (7008311752800000000♠9 years, 321 days)	St Celestine I Papa COELESTINUS		Rome, Western Roman Empire	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April.
44	31 July 432 – 18 August 440 (7008254016000000000♠8 years, 18 days)	St Sixtus III Papa SIXTUS Tertius		Rome
45	29 September 440 – 10 November 461 (7008666424800000000♠21 years, 43 days)	St Leo I (Leo the Great) Papa LEO MAGNUS		Rome	Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Wrote the Tome which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon and in defining the hypostatic union. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46	19 November 461 – 29 February 468 (7008198158400000000♠6 years, 102 days)	St Hilarius Papa HILARIUS	Hilarius	Sardinia
47	3 March 468 – 10 March 483 (7008473968800000000♠15 years, 7 days)	St Simplicius Papa SIMPLICIUS	Simplicius	Tivoli
48	13 March 483 – 1 March 492 (7008283046400000000♠8 years, 354 days)	St Felix III (Felix II) Papa FELIX Tertius (Secundus)	Felice	Rome	Sometimes called Felix II
49	1 March 492 – 21 November 496 (7008149126400000000♠4 years, 265 days)	St Gelasius I Papa GELASIUS	Gelasius	Africa	The last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ".^[9]
50	24 November 496 – 19 November 498 (7007626616000000000♠1 years, 360 days)	Anastasius II Papa ANASTASIUS Secundus	Anastasius	Rome	Tried to end the Acacian schism but it resulted in the Laurentian schism.
51	22 November 498 – 19 July 514 (7008494013600000000♠15 years, 239 days)	St Symmachus Papa SYMMACHUS	Simmaco	Sardinia

6th–15th centuries[edit]

6th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
52	20 July 514 – 19 July 523 (7008283910400000000♠8 years, 364 days)	St Hormisdas Papa HORMISDAS	Hormisdas	Frosinone, Southern Latium	Father of Pope Silverius. Acacian schism.
53	13 August 523 – 18 May 526 (7007871344000000000♠2 years, 278 days)	St John I Papa IOANNES	Giovanni	Toscana
54	13 July 526 – 22 September 530 (7008132364800000000♠4 years, 71 days)	St Felix IV (Felix III) Papa FELIX Quartus (Tertius)	Felice	Samnium	Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.
55	22 September 530 – 17 October 532 (7007652752000000000♠2 years, 25 days)	Boniface II Papa BONIFATIUS Secundus	Bonifacio	Rome to Ostrogoth parents	Changed the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar from Ab Urbe Condita to Anno Domini.
56	2 January 533 – 8 May 535 (7007740016000000000♠2 years, 126 days)	John II Papa IOHANNES Secundus	Mercurio	Rome	First pope not to use his personal name. This was because of the Roman god, Mercury.
57	13 May 535 – 22 April 536 (346 days)	St Agapetus I Papa AGAPITUS	Agapito	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58	1 June 536 – 11 November 537 (7007456408000000000♠1 years, 163 days)	St Silverius Papa SILVERIUS	Silverius	Italia	Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas
59	29 March 537 – 7 June 555 (7008574084800000000♠18 years, 70 days)	Vigilius Papa VIGILIUS		Rome
60	16 April 556 – 4 March 561 (7008154051200000000♠4 years, 322 days)	Pelagius I Papa PELAGIUS		Rome	Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.
61	17 July 561 – 13 July 574 (7008409881600000000♠12 years, 361 days)	John III Papa IOANNES Tertius	Catelinus	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
62	2 June 575 – 30 July 579 (7008131241600000000♠4 years, 58 days)	Benedict I Papa BENEDICTUS		Italia
63	26 November 579 – 7 February 590 (7008321883200000000♠10 years, 73 days)	Pelagius II Papa PELAGIUS Secundus		Rome	Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
64	3 September 590 – 12 March 604 (7008426751200000000♠13 years, 191 days)	St Gregory I (Gregory the Great) Papa GREGORIUS MAGNUS	Gregorio O.S.B.	Rome	The first formally to employ the titles Servus servorum Dei and Pontifex Maximus. Established the Gregorian chant. Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.

7th Century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
65	13 September 604 – 22 February 606 (7007455544000000000♠1 years, 162 days)	Sabinian Papa SABINIANUS		Blera
66	19 February 607 – 12 November 607 (267 days)	Boniface III Papa BONIFATIUS Tertius	Bonifacio	Rome
67	25 August 608 – 8 May 615 (7008211464000000000♠6 years, 256 days)	St Boniface IV Papa BONIFATIUS Quartus	Bonifacio O.S.B.	Marsi	First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
68	19 October 615 – 8 November 618 (7007964008000000000♠3 years, 20 days)	St Adeodatus I (Deusdedit) Papa ADEODATUS sive DEUSDEDIT		Rome	Sometimes called Deusdedit, as a result Pope Adeodatus II is sometimes called Pope Adeodatus without a number. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called Papal bulls.
69	23 December 619 – 25 October 625 (7008184226400000000♠5 years, 306 days)	Boniface V Papa BONIFATIUS Quintus	Bonifacio	Naples
70	27 October 625 – 12 October 638 (7008408931200000000♠12 years, 350 days)	Honorius I Papa HONORIUS	Onorio	Campania, Byzantine Empire	Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople (680)
71	28 May 640 – 2 August 640 (7006570240000000000♠66 days)	Severinus Papa SEVERINUS	Severino	Rome
72	24 December 640 – 12 October 642 (7007567864000000000♠1 years, 292 days)	John IV Papa IOANNES Quartus		Zadar, Dalmatia, Byzantine Empire
73	24 November 642 – 14 May 649 (7008204120000000000♠6 years, 171 days)	Theodore I Papa THEODORUS		Jerusalem	The last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649, but died before it could open.
74	21 July 649 – 16 September 655 (7008194270400000000♠6 years, 57 days)	St Martin I Papa MARTINUS	Martino	Near Todi, Umbria, Byzantine Empire	Last pope recognized as a martyr. Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75	10 August 654 – 1 June 657 (7007886032000000000♠2 years, 295 days)	St Eugene I Papa EUGENIUS	Eugenio	Rome
76	30 July 657 – 27 January 672 (7008457444800000000♠14 years, 181 days)	St Vitalian Papa VITALIANUS		Segni, Byzantine Empire
77	11 April 672 – 17 June 676 (7008132019200000000♠4 years, 67 days)	Adeodatus II Papa ADEODATUS Secundus	unknown O.S.B.	Rome, Byzantine Empire	Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number) in reference to Pope Adeodatus I sometimes being called Pope Deusdedit. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
78	2 November 676 – 11 April 678 (7007453816000000000♠1 years, 160 days)	Donus Papa DONUS		Rome, Byzantine Empire
79	27 June 678 – 10 January 681 (7007801360000000000♠2 years, 197 days)	St Agatho Papa AGATHO		Sicily	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February.
80	17 August 682 – 28 June 683 (315 days)	St Leo II Papa LEO Secundus	Leo	Sicily	Feast day 3 July
81	26 June 684 – 8 May 685 (317 days)	St Benedict II Papa BENEDICTUS Secundus	Benedetto	Rome, Byzantine Empire	Feast day 7 May
82	12 July 685 – 2 August 686 (7007333720000000000♠1 years, 21 days)	John V Papa IOANNES Quintus		Syria
83	21 October 686 – 22 September 687 (335 days)	Conon Papa CONON		Sicily
84	15 December 687 – 8 September 701 (7008433317600000000♠13 years, 267 days)	St Sergius I Papa SERGIUS		Sicily	Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.^[9]

8th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
85	30 October 701 – 11 January 705 (7008100980000000000♠3 years, 73 days)	John VI Papa IOANNES Sextus		Greece
86	1 March 705 – 18 October 707 (7007830736000000000♠2 years, 231 days)	John VII Papa IOANNES Septimus		Rossano, Calabria	The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
87	15 January 708 – 4 February 708 (21 days)	Sisinnius Papa SISINNIUS		Syria
88	25 March 708 – 9 April 715 (7008222199200000000♠7 years, 15 days)	Constantine Papa COSTANTINUS sive CONSTANTINUS		Syria	Last pope to visit Greece while in office, until John Paul II in 2001.
89	19 May 715 – 11 February 731 (7008496519200000000♠15 years, 268 days)	St Gregory II Papa GREGORIUS Secundus	Gregorio	Rome, Byzantine Empire	Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).
90	18 March 731 – 28 November 741 (7008337608000000000♠10 years, 255 days)	St Gregory III Papa GREGORIUS Tertius		Syria	The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Was previously the last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013.
91	3 December 741 – 22 March 752 (7008325080000000000♠10 years, 110 days)	St Zachary Papa ZACHARIAS		Santa Severina - Calabria	Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
(never consecrated)	23 March 752 – 25 March 752 (Never took office as pope)	Pope-elect Stephen Papa Electus STEPHANUS			Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election; never receiving episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92	26 March 752 – 26 April 757 (7008160466400000000♠5 years, 31 days)	Stephen II (Stephen III) Papa STEPHANUS Secundus (Tertius)		Rome	Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.
93	29 May 757 – 28 June 767 (7008318168000000000♠10 years, 30 days)	St Paul I Papa PAULUS	Paolo	Rome	Brother of Stephen II.
94	7 August 768 – 24 January 772 (7008109360800000000♠3 years, 170 days)	Stephen III (Stephen IV) Papa STEPHANUS Tertius (Quartus)	Stefano	Sicily	Sometimes called Stephen IV. The Lateran Council (769).
95	1 February 772 – 26 December 795 (7008754164000000000♠23 years, 328 days)	Adrian I Papa HADRIANUS	Adriano	Rome
96	26 December 795 – 12 June 816 (7008645753600000000♠20 years, 169 days)	St Leo III Papa LEO Tertius	Leo	Rome	Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augustus on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy.

9th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	# years as pope	Notes
97	12 June 816 – 24 January 817 (7007195264000000000♠226 days)	Stephen IV (Stephen V) Papa STEPHANUS Quartus (Quintus)	Stephanus	Rome	<1	Sometimes called Stephen V.
98	25 January 817 – 11 February 824 (7008222372000000000♠7 years, 17 days)	St Paschal I Papa PASCHALIS	Pasquale	Rome	7	Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus, building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.
99	8 May 824 – August 27 827 (7008104263200000000♠3 years, 111 days)	Eugene II Papa EUGENIUS Secundus	Eugenio	Rome	3
100	31 August 827 – 10 October 827 (7006345600000000000♠40 days)	Valentine Papa VALENTINUS	Valentino	Rome	<1
101	December 827 – 25 January 844 (17 years+)	Gregory IV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus	Gregorio	Rome	17	Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter’s Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of Gregory I.
102	25 January 844 – 7 January 847 (7007930960000000000♠2 years, 347 days)	Sergius II Papa SERGIUS Secundus		Rome	3
103	27 January 847 – 17 July 855 (7008267235200000000♠8 years, 171 days)	St Leo IV Papa LEO Quartus	Leo O.S.B.	Rome	8	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
104	29 July 855 – 7 April 858 (7007848880000000000♠2 years, 252 days)	Benedict III Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius	Benedetto	Rome
105	24 April 858 – 13 November 867 (7008301557600000000♠9 years, 203 days)	St Nicholas I (Nicholas the Great) Papa NICOLAUS MAGNUS	Niccolò	Rome	9	Encouraged missionary activity.
106	14 December 867 – 14 December 872 (7008157788000000000♠5 years, 0 days)	Adrian II Papa HADRIANUS Secundus	Adriano	Rome	5
107	14 December 872 – 16 December 882 (10 years, 2 days)	John VIII Papa IOANNES Octavus	Giovanni	Rome	10
108	16 December 882 – 15 May 884 (7007446040000000000♠1 years, 151 days)	Marinus I Papa MARINUS	Marino	Gallese, Rome	1
109	17 May 884 – July 885 (1 year+)	St Adrian III Papa HADRIANUS Tertius	Adriano	Rome
110	September 885 – 14 September 891 (4 years+)	Stephen V (Stephen VI) Papa STEPHANUS Quintus (Sextus)	Stefano	Rome		Sometimes called Stephen VI.
111	19 September 891 – 4 April 896 (7008143337600000000♠4 years, 198 days)	Formosus Papa FORMOSUS	Formoso	Ostia	4	Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod.
112	4 April 896 – 19 April 896 (16days)	Boniface VI Papa BONIFATIUS Sextus	Bonifacio	Rome	<1
113	22 May 896 – 14 August 897 (7007388152000000000♠1 years, 84 days)	Stephen VI (Stephen VII) Papa STEPHANUS Sextus (Septimus)	Stefano	Rome	1	Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.
114	August 897 – November 897	Romanus Papa ROMANUS	Romano	Gallese, Rome	<1
115	December 897 - 20 December 897	Theodore II Papa THEODORUS Secundus	Teodoro	Rome	<1
116	January 898 – January 900 (2 years+)	John IX Papa IOANNES Nonus	Giovanni O.S.B.	Tivoli		Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
117	1 February 900 – July 903 (3 years+)	Benedict IV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus	Benedetto	Rome

10th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	# years as pope	Notes
118	July 903 – September 903	Leo V Papa LEO Quintus	Leo	Ardea	<1
119	29 January 904 – 14 April 911 (7008227383200000000♠7 years, 75 days)	Sergius III Papa SERGIUS Tertius	Sergio	Rome	7	"Saeculum obscurum" begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara.
120	April 911 – June 913	Anastasius III Papa ANASTASIUS Tertius		Rome	2
121	July/August 913 – 25 February 914	Lando Papa LANDUS	Lando	Sabina	<1
122	March 914 – May 928	John X Papa IOANNES Decimus	Giovanni	Romagna	14
123	June 928 – February 929	Leo VI Papa LEO Sextus	Leo	Rome	<1
124	February 929 – 15 March 931	Stephen VII (Stephen VIII) Papa STEPHANUS Septimus (Octavus)	Stefano	Rome	2	Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
125	February/March 931 – December 935	John XI Papa IOANNES Undecimus	Giovanni	Rome	4
126	3 January 936 – 13 July 939 (7008111175200000000♠3 years, 191 days)	Leo VII Papa LEO Septimus	Leo O.S.B.	Rome	3	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
127	14 July 939 – October 942	Stephen VIII (Stephen IX) Papa STEPHANUS Octavus (Nonus)	Stephan	Rome	3	Sometimes called Stephen IX.
128	30 October 942 – 10 May 946 (7008111261600000000♠3 years, 192 days)	Marinus II Papa MARINUS Secundus	Marino	Rome	3
129	10 May 946 – 8 December 955 (7008302335200000000♠9 years, 212 days)	Agapetus II Papa AGAPITUS Secundus	Agapito	Rome	9
130	16 December 955 – 14 May 964 (7008265420800000000♠8 years, 150 days)	John XII Papa IOANNES Duodecimus	Octavian	Rome	8	Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Saeculum obscurum".
131	22 May 964 – 23 June 964 (7006276480000000000♠32 days)	Benedict V Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus		Rome	<1	Elected by the people of Rome, in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.
132	July 964 – 1 March 965	Leo VIII Papa LEO Octavus		Rome	<1	Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. He became the true pope after Benedict V was deposed.
133	1 October 965 – 6 September 972 (7008218808000000000♠6 years, 341 days)	John XIII Papa IOANNES Tertius Decimus		Rome	6	Chronicled after his death as "the Good".
134	19 January 973 – June 974 (1 year+)	Benedict VI Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus		Rome, Papal States	1	Deposed and murdered.
135	October 974 – 10 July 983	Benedict VII Papa BENEDICTUS Septimus		Rome	8
136	December 983 – 20 August 984	John XIV Papa IOANNES Quartus Decimus	Pietro Campanora	Pavia	<1
137	August 985 – March 996 (8 years+)	John XV Papa IOANNES Quintus Decimus	John	Rome	10	The first pope to formally canonize a saint.
138	3 May 996 – 18 February 999 (7007882576000000000♠2 years, 291 days)	Gregory V Papa GREGORIUS Quintus	Bruno of Carinthia	Germany, Holy Roman Empire	2	First German Pope
139	2 April 999 – 12 May 1003 (7008129686400000000♠4 years, 40 days)	Sylvester II Papa SILVESTER Secundus	Gerbert d'Aurillac	Auvergne region of France	4	The first French pope.

11th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
140	June 1003 – 6 December 1003	John XVII Papa IOANNES Septimus Decimus	Siccone	Rome, Papal States
141	25 December 1003 – July 1009 (5 years+)	John XVIII Papa IOANNES Duodevicesimus	Giovanni Fasano; Phasianus	Rapagnano, Papal States
142	31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012 (2 years, 286 days)	Sergius IV Papa SERGIUS Quartus	Pietro Martino Boccapecora, O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
143	18 May 1012 – 9 April 1024 (11 years, 327 days)	Benedict VIII Papa BENEDICTUS Octavus	Theophylactus II, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
144	April/May 1024 – 20 October 1032 (8 years+)	John XIX Papa IOANNES Undevicesimus	Romanus, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
145	20 October 1032 – 31 December 1044 (12 years, 72 days)	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	1st Term
146	1 January 1045 - 31 March 1045 (0 years, 89 days)	Sylvester III Papa SILVESTER Tertius	John, Bishop of Sabina	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
147	1 April 1045 – 10 November 1045 (0 years, 223 days)	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri
148	10 November 1045– 23 December 1046 (1 year, 43 days)	Gregory VI Papa GREGORIUS Sextus,	Johannes Gratianus	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Deposed at the Council of Sutri
149	24 December 1046 – 9 October 1047 (0 years, 289 days)	Clement II Papa CLEMENS Secundus	Suidger	Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire	Appointed by Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.
150	November 1047 – 17 July 1048	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	3rd Term; deposed and excommunicated
151	17 July 1048 – 9 August 1048 (0 years, 23 days)	Damasus II Papa DAMASUS Secundus	Poppo	Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
152	12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054 (5 years, 66 days)	St Leo IX Papa LEO Nonus	Bruno, Count of Dagsbourg	Eguisheim, Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	In 1054, mutual excommunications of Leo IX and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965.^[10]
153	13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057 (2 years, 106 days)	Victor II Papa VICTOR Secundus	Gebhard, Count of Calw, Tollenstein, and Hirschberg	Kingdom of Germany, Holy Roman Empire
154	2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058 (0 years, 241 days)	Stephen IX (Stephen X) Papa STEPHANUS Nonus (Decimus)	Frédéric de Lorraine, O.S.B.	Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire	Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
155	6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061 (7007832464000000000♠2 years, 233 days)	Nicholas II Papa NICOLAUS Secundus	Gérard de Bourgogne	Château de Chevron, Kingdom of Arles	In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of pope electors in the document In nomine Domini. (Papal conclave).
156	30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073 (7008364672800000000♠11 years, 203 days)	Alexander II Papa ALEXANDER Secundus	Anselmo da Baggio	Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Authorised the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
157	22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085 (7008381542400000000♠12 years, 33 days)	St Gregory VII Papa GREGORIUS Septimus	Hildebrand O.S.B.	Sovana, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the title "Papa" to the Bishop of Rome.^[4] Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with German Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).
158	24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087 (7007414936000000000♠1 years, 115 days)	Bl. Victor III Papa VICTOR Tertius	Desiderio; Desiderius; Dauferius O.S.B.	Benevento, Duchy of Benevento	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
159	12 March 1088 – 29 July 1099 (7008359143200000000♠11 years, 139 days)	Bl. Urban II Papa URBANUS Secundus	Odo of Lagery, O.S.B.	Lagery, County of Champagne, France	Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
160	13 August 1099 – 21 January 1118 (7008581947200000000♠18 years, 161 days)	Paschal II Papa PASCHALIS Secundus	Raniero O.S.B.	Bleda, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.

12th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
161	24 January 1118 – 28 January 1119 (7007319032000000000♠1 years, 4 days)	Gelasius II Papa GELASIUS Secundus	Giovanni Coniulo, O.S.B.	Gaeta, Principality of Capua	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
162	2 February 1119 – 13 December 1124 (7008185004000000000♠5 years, 315 days)	Callixtus II Papa CALLISTUS Secundus	Guido, Comte de Bourgogne	Quingey, County of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empire	Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123
163	15 December 1124 – 13 February 1130 (7008162972000000000♠5 years, 60 days)	Honorius II Papa HONORIUS Secundus	Lamberto Scannabecchi, Can.Reg.	Fiagnano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128.
164	14 February 1130 – 24 September 1143 (7008429429600000000♠13 years, 222 days)	Innocent II Papa INNOCENTIUS Secundus	Gregorio Papareschi, Can.Reg.	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of Lateran; Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139
165	26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144 (7007141696000000000♠164 days)	Celestine II Papa COELESTINUS Secundus	Guido	Città di Castello, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
166	12 March 1144 – 15 February 1145 (7007293760000000000♠340 days)	Lucius II Papa LUCIUS Secundus	Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso, Can.Reg.	Bologna, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca
167	15 February 1145 – 8 July 1153 (7008264816000000000♠8 years, 143 days)	Bl. Eugene III Papa EUGENIUS Tertius	Bernardo da Pisa, O.Cist.	Pisa, Republic of Pisa, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.
168	8 July 1153 – 3 December 1154 (7007443448000000000♠1 years, 148 days)	Anastasius IV Papa ANASTASIUS Quartus	Corrado Demetri della Suburra	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
169	4 December 1154 – 1 September 1159 (7008149644800000000♠4 years, 271 days)	Adrian IV Papa HADRIANUS Quartus	Nicholas Breakspear, Can.Reg.	Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England	First and only English pope; purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery .
170	7 September 1159 – 30 August 1181 (7008693554400000000♠21 years, 357 days)	Alexander III Papa ALEXANDER Tertius	Rolando	Siena, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179
171	1 September 1181 – 25 November 1185 (7008133574400000000♠4 years, 85 days)	Lucius III Papa LUCIUS Tertius	Ubaldo Allucingoli	Lucca, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
172	25 November 1185 – 19 October 1187 (7007598968000000000♠1 years, 328 days)	Urban III Papa URBANUS Tertius	Uberto Crivelli	Cuggiono, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
173	21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187 (7006492480000000000♠57 days)	Gregory VIII Papa GREGORIUS Octavus	Alberto di Morra, Can.Reg.	Benevento, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the Third Crusade
174	19 December 1187 – 20 March 1191^[11] (7008102535200000000♠3 years, 91 days)	Clement III Papa CLEMENS Tertius	Paolo Scolari	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
175	21 March 1191 – 8 January 1198 (7008214660800000000♠6 years, 293 days)	Celestine III Papa COELESTINUS Tertius	Giacinto Bobone	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
176	8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216 (7008584452800000000♠18 years, 190 days)	Innocent III Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius	Lothario dei Conti di Segni	Gavignano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead intended to sack Christian cities.^[12]

13th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
177	18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227 (7008336571200000000♠10 years, 243 days)	Honorius III Papa HONORIUS Tertius	Cencio Savelli	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
178	19 March 1227 – 22 August 1241 (7008455284800000000♠14 years, 156 days)	Gregory IX Papa GREGORIUS Nonus	Ugolino dei Conti di Segni, O.F.S	Anagni, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary (1235). Initiated the Inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.
179	25 October 1241 – 10 November 1241 (7006138240000000000♠16 days)	Celestine IV Papa COELESTINUS Quartus	Goffredo Castiglioni	Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Died before coronation.
180	25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254 (7008361389600000000♠11 years, 165 days)	Innocent IV Papa INNOCENTIUS Quartus	Sinibaldo Fieschi	Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the First Council of Lyons (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda that permitted the torture of heretics (1252).
181	12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261 (7008203515200000000♠6 years, 164 days)	Alexander IV Papa ALEXANDER Quartus	Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne	Jenne, Papal States	Established an Inquisition in France.
182	29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264 (7007976104000000000♠3 years, 34 days)	Urban IV Papa URBANUS Quartus	Jacques Pantaléon	Troyes, County of Champagne, France	Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).
183	5 February 1265 – 29 November 1268 (7008120420000000000♠3 years, 298 days)	Clement IV Papa CLEMENS Quartus	Gui Faucoi	Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France
N/A	29 November 1268 – 1 September 1271	Interregnum			Almost 3 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
184	1 September 1271 – 10 January 1276 (7008137548800000000♠4 years, 131 days)	Bl. Gregory X Papa GREGORIUS Decimus	Tebaldo Visconti, O.F.S	Piacenza, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Second Council of Lyons (1274). Responsible for regulation all papal conclaves until the 20th century.
185	21 January 1276 – 22 June 1276 (7007132192000000000♠153 days)	Bl. Innocent V Papa INNOCENTIUS Quintus	Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P.	County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Dominican Order.
186	11 July 1276 – 18 August 1276 (7006328320000000000♠38 days)	Adrian V Papa HADRIANUS Quintus	Ottobuono Fieschi	Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves.
187	8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277 (7007219456000000000♠254 days)	John XXI Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Primus	Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano)	Lisbon, Portugal	Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, there was no John XX. There has never been a John XX, because the 20th pope of this name formerly when elected, decided to skip the number XX and be counted as John XXI instead. He wanted to correct what in his time was believed to be an error in the counting of his predecessors John XV to XIX
188	25 November 1277 – 22 August 1280 (7007865296000000000♠2 years, 271 days)	Nicholas III Papa NICOLAUS Tertius	Giovanni Gaetano Orsini	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
189	22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285 (7008129168000000000♠4 years, 34 days)	Martin IV Papa MARTINUS Quartus	Simon de Brion	Meinpicien, Touraine, France
190	2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287 (7007632016000000000♠2 year, 1 day)	Honorius IV Papa HONORIUS Quartus	Giacomo Savelli	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
191	22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292 (7008129859200000000♠4 years, 42 days)	Nicholas IV Papa NICOLAUS Quartus	Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.	Lisciano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Franciscan Order.
N/A	4 April 1292 – 5 July 1294	Interregnum			2 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192	5 July 1294 – 13 December 1294 (7007139104000000000♠161 days)	St Celestine V Papa COELESTINUS Quintus	Pietro Angelerio, O.S.B.	Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily	One of the few popes who resigned voluntarily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines.
193	24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303 (7008277603200000000♠8 years, 291 days)	Boniface VIII Papa BONIFATIUS Octavus	Benedetto Caetani	Anagni, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Formalized the Jubilee in 1300. Issued Unam Sanctam (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme.

14th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
194	22 October 1303 – 7 July 1304 (7007223776000000000♠259 days)	Bl. Benedict XI Papa BENEDICTUS Undecimus	Niccolò Boccasini, O.P.	Treviso	Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam.
195	5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314 (7008280022400000000♠8 years, 319 days)	Clement V Papa CLEMENS Quintus	Bertrand de Got	Villandraut, Gascony, France	Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
N/A	20 April 1314 – 7 August 1316	Interregnum			2 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196	7 August 1316 – 4 December 1334 (7008578318400000000♠18 years, 119 days)	John XXII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus	Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse	Cahors, Quercy, France	Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the Beatific Vision.
197	20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342 (7008231789600000000♠7 years, 126 days)	Benedict XII Papa BENEDICTUS Duodecimus	Jacques Fournier, O.Cist.	Saverdun, County of Foix, France	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336).
198	7 May 1342 – 6 December 1352 (7008333979200000000♠10 years, 213 days)	Clement VI Papa CLEMENS Sextus	Pierre Roger, O.S.B.	Maumont, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died of it of their sins.
199	18 December 1352 – 12 September 1362 (7008307173600000000♠9 years, 268 days)	Innocent VI Papa INNOCENTIUS Sextus	Étienne Aubert	Les Monts, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) was brought about.
200	28 September 1362 – 19 December 1370 (7008259545600000000♠8 years, 82 days)	Bl. Urban V Papa URBANUS Quintus	Guillaume (de) Grimoard, O.S.B.	Grizac, Languedoc, France	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.
201	30 December 1370 – 27 March 1378 (7008228420000000000♠7 years, 87 days)	Gregory XI Papa GREGORIUS Undecimus	Pierre Roger de Beaufort	Maumont, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome. The last French pope.
202	8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389 (7008363549600000000♠11 years, 190 days)	Urban VI Papa URBANUS Sextus	Bartolomeo Prignano	Naples, Kingdom of Naples	Western Schism. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.
203	2 November 1389 – 1 October 1404 (7008470664000000000♠14 years, 334 days)	Boniface IX Papa BONIFATIUS Nonus	Pietro Tomacelli	Naples, Kingdom of Naples	Western Schism.

15th century[edit]

^R This pope resigned his office.
^B The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
204	17 October 1404 – 6 November 1406 (7007648432000000000♠2 years, 20 days)	Innocent VII Papa INNOCENTIUS Septimus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples	65 / 67 ^[B]	Western Schism
205	30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415 (7008271123200000000♠8 years, 216 days)	Gregory XII Papa GREGORIUS Duodecimus	Angelo Correr	Venice, Republic of Venice	^[R]	Western Schism; abdicated during the Council of Constance, which had been called by his opponent John XXIII.
N/A	4 July 1415 – 11 November 1417	Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected.
206	11 November 1417 – 20 February 1431 (7008418975200000000♠13 years, 101 days)	Martin V Papa MARTINUS Quintus	Oddone Colonna, O.F.S	Genazzano, Papal States	48 / 62	Convened the Council of Basel (1431). Initiated the Hussite Wars.
207	3 March 1431 – 23 February 1447 (7008504208800000000♠15 years, 357 days)	Eugene IV Papa EUGENIUS Quartus	Gabriele Condulmer, O.S.A.	Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 63 ^[B]	Member of the Augustinian Order. Nephew of Martin V. Crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague.
208	6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455 (7008254016000000000♠8 years, 18 days)	Nicholas V Papa NICOLAUS Quintus	Tommaso Parentucelli, O.P.	Sarzana, Republic of Genoa	49 / 57	Member of the Dominican Order. Held the Jubilee of 1450. Crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome (1452). Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
209	8 April 1455 – 6 August 1458 (7008105040800000000♠3 years, 120 days)	Callixtus III Papa CALLISTUS Tertius	Alfonso de Borja	Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	76 / 79	The first Spanish pope. Ordered the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, in which she was vindicated.
210	19 August 1458 – 15 August 1464 (7008189064800000000♠5 years, 362 days)	Pius II Papa PIUS Secundus	Enea Silvio Piccolomini	Corsignano, Republic of Siena	52 / 58	Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.
211	30 August 1464 – 26 July 1471 (7008217857600000000♠6 years, 330 days)	Paul II Papa PAULUS Secundus	Pietro Barbo	Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 54	The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
212	9 August 1471 – 12 August 1484 (7008410508000000000♠13 years, 3 days)	Sixtus IV Papa XYSTUS Quartus	Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.	Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa	57 / 70	Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel. Authorized an Inquisition targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.
213	29 August 1484 – 25 July 1492 (7008249501600000000♠7 years, 331 days)	Innocent VIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Octavus	Giovanni Battista Cybo	Genoa, Republic of Genoa	51 / 59 ^[B]	Appointed Tomás de Torquemada. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
214	11 August 1492 – 18 August 1503 (7008347738400000000♠11 years, 7 days)	Alexander VI Papa ALEXANDER Sextus	Roderic Llançol i de Borja	Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	61 / 72	Nephew of Callixtus III; father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull Inter caetera (1493). No Alexander V due to the antipope.

16th–20th centuries[edit]

16th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
215	22 September 1503 – 18 October 1503 (7006224640000000000♠26 days)	Pius III Papa PIUS Tertius	Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini	Siena, Republic of Siena	64 / 64	Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library adjourning the Siena Cathedral.
216	31 October 1503 – 21 February 1513 (7008293781600000000♠9 years, 113 days)	Julius II Papa IULIUS Secundus	Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M.	Albisola, Republic of Genoa	59 / 69	Nephew of Sixtus IV; convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Proposed plans for rebuilding St Peter's Basilica.
217	9 March 1513 – 1 December 1521 (7008275529600000000♠8 years, 267 days)	Leo X Papa LEO Decimus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici	Florence, Republic of Florence	37 / 45	Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicated Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal.
218	9 January 1522 – 14 September 1523 (7007529848000000000♠1 years, 248 days)	Adrian VI Papa HADRIANUS Sextus Patere et sustine ("Respect and wait")^[13]	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (now Netherlands)	62 / 64	The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Retained his baptismal name as his regnal name.
219	26 November 1523 – 25 September 1534 (7008341755200000000♠10 years, 303 days)	Clement VII Papa CLEMENS Septimus Candor illæsus ("He without injury")^[14]	Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici	Florence, Republic of Florence	45 / 56	Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of Henry VIII; crowned Charles V as emperor at Bologna (1530). His niece was married to the future Henry II of France. Ordered Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel.
220	13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549 (7008475783200000000♠15 years, 28 days)	Paul III Papa PAULUS Tertius	Alessandro Farnese	Canino, Lazio, Papal States	66 / 81	Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of Henry VIII. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).
221	7 February 1550 – 29 March 1555 (7008162108000000000♠5 years, 50 days)	Julius III Papa IULIUS Tertius	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	62 / 67	Established the Collegium Germanicum (1552). Reconvened the Council of Trent. The Innocenzo Scandal.
222	9 April 1555 – 1 May 1555 (0 years, 22 days)	Marcellus II Papa MARCELLUS Secundus	Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi	Montefano, Marche, Papal States	53 / 53	The last to use his birth name as the regnal name. Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. The Missa Papae Marcelli composed in his honour.
223	23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559 (7008133747200000000♠4 years, 87 days)	Paul IV Papa PAULUS Quartus Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper")^[15]	Giovanni Pietro Carafa, C.R.	Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples	78 / 83	Member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in Cum Nimis Absurdum (1555) and established the Index of Forbidden Books. Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes of The Last Judgment modestly.
224	26 December 1559 – 9 December 1565 (7008187855200000000♠5 years, 348 days)	Pius IV Papa PIUS Quartus	Giovanni Angelo Medici	Milan, Duchy of Milan	60 / 66	Reopened and closed the Council of Trent. Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine Creed.
225	7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572 (7008199281600000000♠6 years, 115 days)	St Pius V Papa PIUS Quintus Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas ("It binds us to keep")^[16]	Antonio Ghislieri, O.P.	Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan	61 / 68	Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Elizabeth I (1570). Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal.
226	13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585 (7008407376000000000♠12 years, 332 days)	Gregory XIII Papa GREGORIUS Tertius Decimus Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed")^[17]	Ugo Boncompagni	Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	70 / 83	Reformed the calendar (1582); built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as Patroness to the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.
227	24 April 1585 – 27 August 1590 (7008168588000000000♠5 years, 125 days)	Sixtus V Papa XYSTUS Quintus	Felice Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv.	Grottammare, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of curial congregations.
228	15 September 1590 – 27 September 1590 (7006103680000000000♠12 days)	Urban VII Papa URBANUS Septimus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	69 / 69	Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
229	5 December 1590 – 16 October 1591 (0 years, 315 days)	Gregory XIV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus Decimus	Niccolò Sfondrati	Somma Lombardo, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan	55 / 56	Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication.
230	29 October 1591 – 30 December 1591 (7006535680000000000♠62 days)	Innocent IX Papa INNOCENTIUS Nonus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	72 / 72	Supported the cause of Philip II and the Catholic League against Henry IV in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited the alienation of church property.
231	30 January 1592 – 3 March 1605 (7008413013600000000♠13 years, 32 days)	Clement VIII Papa CLEMENS Octavus	Ippolito Aldobrandini	Fano, Marche, Papal States	55 / 69	Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as The Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis which addressed doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.^[18]

17th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
232	1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605 (7006224640000000000♠26 days)	Leo XI Papa LEO Undecimus	Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici	Florence, Duchy of Florence	69 / 69	The nephew of Leo X. Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate.
233	16 May 1605 – 28 January 1621 (7008495568800000000♠15 years, 257 days)	Paul V Papa PAULUS Quintus Absit nisi in te gloriari ("Far, but in your glory")^[19]	Camillo Borghese	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	52 / 68	Known for various building projects which included the facade of St Peter's Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605); restored the Aqua Traiana.
234	9 February 1621 – 8 July 1623 (7007759888000000000♠2 years, 149 days)	Gregory XV Papa GREGORIUS Quintus Decimus	Alessandro Ludovisi	Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	67 / 69	Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the bull Aeterni Patris (1621) which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei against magicians and witches (1623).
235	6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644 (7008662083200000000♠20 years, 358 days)	Urban VIII Papa URBANUS Octavus	Maffeo Barberini	Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	55 / 76	Trial against Galileo Galilei. The last pope to expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bull that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.
236	15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655 (7008325425600000000♠10 years, 114 days)	Innocent X Papa INNOCENTIUS Decimus Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram ("Water on earth")^[20]	Giovanni Battista Pamphilj	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	70 / 80	The great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653) which condemned five doctrines of Jansenism as heresy.
237	7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667 (7008382579200000000♠12 years, 45 days)	Alexander VII Papa ALEXANDER Septimus Montium custos ("Mountain guardian")^[21]	Fabio Chigi	Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	56 / 68	Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception almost identical to that of Pius IX centuries later.
238	20 June 1667 – 9 December 1669 (7007779760000000000♠2 years, 172 days)	Clement IX Papa CLEMENS Nonus Aliis non sibi Clemens ("Clement to others, not to himself")^[22]	Giulio Rospigliosi	Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	67 / 69	Commissioned the colonnade of St. Peter's Square. Mediated in the peace of Aachen (1668).
239	29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676 (7008196603200000000♠6 years, 84 days)	Clement X Papa CLEMENS Decimus Bonum auget malum minuit ("He increases good and diminishes evil")^[23]	Emilio Bonaventura Altieri	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	79 / 86	Canonized the first saint from the Americas: Saint Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries.
240	21 September 1676 – 12 August 1689 (12 years, 325 days)	Bl. Innocent XI Papa INNOCENTIUS Undecimus Avarus non Implebitur ("The covetous man is not (never) satisfied [with money]")^[24]	Benedetto Odescalchi	Como, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan	65 / 78	Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
241	6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691 (7007417528000000000♠1 years, 118 days)	Alexander VIII Papa ALEXANDER Octavus	Pietro Vito Ottoboni	Venice, Republic of Venice	79 / 80	Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).
242	12 July 1691 – 27 September 1700 (7008290671200000000♠9 years, 77 days)	Innocent XII Papa INNOCENTIUS Duodecimus	Antonio Pignatelli, O.F.S	Spinazzola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples	76 / 85	Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various charitable and educational institutions.

18th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
243	23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721 (7008641174400000000♠20 years, 116 days)	Clement XI Papa CLEMENS Undecimus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	Urbino, Marche, Papal States	51 / 71	The "Chinese Rites" controversy. The last pope with Albanian origin. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of the Immaculate Conception universal.^[9]
244	8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724 (7007893808000000000♠2 years, 304 days)	Innocent XIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius Decimus	Michelangelo dei Conti	Poli, Lazio, Papal States	65 / 68	Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China ordering that no new members should be received into the order.
245	29 May 1724 – 21 February 1730 (7008180943200000000♠5 years, 268 days)	Servant of God Benedict XIII Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius Decimus	Pietro Francesco Orsini, O.P.	Gravina in Puglia, Bari, Kingdom of Naples	75 / 81	Member of the Dominican Order; third and last member of the Orsini family to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII.
246	12 July 1730 – 6 February 1740 (7008302076000000000♠9 years, 209 days)	Clement XII Papa CLEMENS Duodecimus Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum ("Distinguish between good and evil")^[25]	Lorenzo Corsini, O.F.S	Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	78 / 87	Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran (1735). Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738).
247	17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758 (7008558856800000000♠17 years, 259 days)	Benedict XIV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus Decimus Curabuntor omnes ("Will heal all")^[26]	Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini	Bologna, Papal States	65 / 83	Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas; founded academies of art, religion and science.
248	6 July 1758 – 2 February 1769 (7008333806400000000♠10 years, 211 days)	Clement XIII Papa CLEMENS Tertius Decimus Rosa umbriæ ("Umbrian rose")^[27]	Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico	Venice, Republic of Venice	65 / 75	Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Society of Jesus in "Apostolicum pascendi" (1765).
249	19 May 1769 – 22 September 1774 (7008168674400000000♠5 years, 126 days)	Clement XIV Papa CLEMENS Quartus Decimus Ursus velox ("Quick bear")^[28]	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv.	Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States	63 / 68	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Society of Jesus in the brief "Dominus ac Redemptor" (1773).
250	15 February 1775 – 29 August 1799 (7008774230400000000♠24 years, 195 days)	Pius VI Papa PIUS Sextus Floret in domo domini ("It blossoms in the house of God")^[29]	Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi	Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	57 / 81	Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.
N/A	29 August 1799 –14 March 1800	Interregnum				Six-month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.

19th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
251	14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823 (7008739562400000000♠23 years, 159 days)	Servant of God Pius VII Papa PIUS Septimus Aquila Rapax ("Rapacious eagle")^[30]	Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B.	Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	57 / 81	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French. Briefly expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.
252	28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829 (7008169452000000000♠5 years, 135 days)	Leo XII Papa LEO Duodecimus	Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga	Genga, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through Quod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned the Bible societies.
253	31 March 1829 – 30 November 1830 (7007526392000000000♠1 years, 244 days)	Pius VIII Papa PIUS Octavus	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni	Cingoli, Marche, Papal States	67 / 69	Accepted Louis Philippe I as King of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist biblical translations in the brief Litteris altero (1830).
254	2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846 (7008483645600000000♠15 years, 119 days)	Gregory XVI Papa GREGORIUS Sextus Decimus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam.	Belluno, Veneto, Republic of Venice	65 / 80	Member of the Camaldolese Order; last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States.
255	16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878 (7008998676000000000♠31 years, 236 days)	Bl. Pius IX Papa PIUS Nonus	Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, O.F.S.	Senigallia, Marche, Papal States	54 / 85	Opened the First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception and defined papal infallibility. Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors. Longest serving pope in history.
256	20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903 (7008801900000000000♠25 years, 150 days)	Leo XIII Papa LEO Tertius Decimus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, O.F.S.	Carpineto Romano, Lazio, Papal States	67 / 93	Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum; supported Christian democracy against Communism. Had the fourth-longest reign after Pius IX, Saint Peter and John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and the scapular and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix.

20th century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Name English · Regnal Motto Latin (English)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
257	4 August 1903 – 20 August 1914 (7008348516000000000♠11 years, 16 days)	St Pius X Papa PIUS Decimus Instaurare Omnia in Christo ("Restore all things in Christ")	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, O.F.S.	Riese, Treviso, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire	68 / 79	Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist. Combatted Modernism; issued the oath against it. Advocated the Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary.
258	3 September 1914 – 22 January 1922 (7008233085600000000♠7 years, 141 days)	Benedict XV Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus Decimus In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. ("In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.")	Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa, O.F.S.	Genoa, Pegli, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia	59 / 67	Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum Illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a "prophet of peace".
259	6 February 1922 – 10 February 1939 (7008536824800000000♠17 years, 4 days)	Pius XI Papa PIUS Undecimus Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ")	Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, O.F.S.	Desio, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire	64 / 81	Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929) establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state. Inaugurated Vatican Radio; created the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Communism, Nazism and Fascism.
260	2 March 1939 – 9 October 1958 (7008618688800000000♠19 years, 221 days)	Ven. Pius XII Papa PIUS Duodecimus Opus Justitiae Pax ("The work of justice [shall be] peace")	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, O.F.S.	Rome, Lazio, Kingdom of Italy	63 / 82	Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical Munificentissimus Deus; defined the dogma of the Assumption. Eliminated the Italian majority of cardinals. Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his role in the Holocaust.
261	28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963 (7008145065600000000♠4 years, 218 days)	St John XXIII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and peace")	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, O.F.S.	Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Kingdom of Italy	76 / 81	Opened the Second Vatican Council; called "Good Pope John". Issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962).
262	21 June 1963 – 6 August 1978 (7008477338400000000♠15 years, 46 days)	Bl. Paul VI Papa PAULUS Sextus Cum Ipso in Monte ("With Him on the mount")	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini	Concesio, Brescia, Kingdom of Italy	65 / 80	Last pope to be crowned in a coronation with the tiara. First pope to travel to the USA and Australia; first pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican Council. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968) condemning artificial contraception.
263	26 August 1978 – 28 September 1978 (7006285120000000000♠33 days)	Servant of God John Paul I Papa IOANNES PAULUS Primus Humilitas ("Humility")	Albino Luciani	Forno di Canale, Belluno, Veneto, Kingdom of Italy	65 / 65	Abolished the coronation opting for the Papal Inauguration. First pope to use 'the First' in papal name; first with two names for two immediate predecessors. Last pope to use the Sedia Gestatoria.
264	16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 (7008835012800000000♠26 years, 168 days)	St John Paul II Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus Totus Tuus ("Totally yours")	Karol Józef Wojtyła	Wadowice, 2nd Polish Republic	58 / 84	First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522–1523). Associated with the fall of Communism in Europe. Traveled extensively; first pope to travel to Canada. Third longest reign after Pius IX and Saint Peter. Founded World Youth Day (1984). Canonized more saints than all his predecessors.

21st century[edit]

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal Motto Latin (English)	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
265	19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 (7008248119200000000♠7 years, 315 days)		Benedict XVI Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus Decimus Cooperatores Veritatis ("Cooperators of the truth")	Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger	Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany	78 / 85	Oldest to become pope since Clement XII (1730). Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position and promoted the use of Latin; re-introduced several disused papal garments. Established the Anglican Ordinariate. First pope to renounce the papacy on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294),^[31] retaining regnal name with title of Pope Emeritus.^[32]
266	13 March 2013 – present (7007693360000000000♠2 years, 72 days)		Francis Papa FRANCISCUS Miserando atque Eligendo ("Lowly but chosen" -- literally in Latin 'by having mercy, by choosing him') ^[33]	Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J.	Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina	76 / -	First pope to be born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First religious pope since Gregory XVI (1831–1846); first Jesuit pope. First to use a new and non-composed regnal name since Lando (913–914).